Has Yanmen Pass been conquered in history? What is the truth?

Yanmen Pass is a famous gateway in Chinese history, located at the junction of today's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Shanxi Province. It has been captured and retaken many times, with each conflict exerting a unique influence on Chinese history. This article will explore the historical events surrounding the capture and recapture of Yanmen Pass and their impacts based on historical records.

I. First Capture

In 26 BC, after Qin Shi Huang unified the Six Kingdoms, he began constructing the Great Wall and stationed a large force at Yanmen Pass. In 133 AD, the Huns launched an attack on Yanmen Pass but were repelled by the Qin army. This conflict led to the reinforcement and improvement of the Qin army's defensive fortifications, providing valuable experience for later border defense construction.

II. Second Capture

In 945 AD, after the Khitan established the Liao Dynasty, they began to invade the south. In 986 AD, the Liao army attacked Yanmen Pass but was defeated by the Song army. The Song army employed the tactic of "fire attack," successfully burning the Liao army's chariots and supplies, rendering them unable to continue fighting. This victory laid the foundation for the border security of the Song Dynasty.

III. Third Capture

In 1217 AD, after the establishment of the Mongolian Empire, it began to expand outward. In 1227 AD, the Mongolian army attacked Yanmen Pass but was defeated by the Jin army. In this conflict, the Jin army employed a "deceptive surrender" strategy, misleading the Mongolian general Yantiemuer into believing that the Jin had surrendered, thus relaxing their vigilance. Seizing the opportunity, the Jin army launched a counterattack and successfully recaptured Yanmen Pass. This victory laid the foundation for the Jin Dynasty's rule in the north.

IV. Fourth Capture

In 1644 AD, after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty was established. In 1647 AD, the Qing army attacked Yanmen Pass but was defeated by the Ming army. In this conflict, the Ming army employed the tactic of "ambush," successfully hiding around Yanmen Pass and waiting for the arrival of the Qing army. When the Qing army attacked, the Ming army suddenly launched an assault, catching the Qing army off guard and ultimately repelling them. This victory provided confidence and courage to the Ming resistance.

V. Conclusion

Overall, Yanmen Pass has played a crucial role in Chinese history. It has witnessed the rise and fall of multiple dynasties and experienced the trials of numerous conflicts. Each conflict has exerted a different influence on Chinese history and provided important materials and references for our study of history. We should cherish historical heritage, carefully study history, and draw wisdom and strength from it.

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