The Sino-French War, also known as the Sino-French Self-Defense Counteroffensive, was a conflict between the Qing dynasty of China and France in the 1880s. The background of this war was complex and had profound impacts. So, who was the real winner of the Sino-French War? This article will analyze it from multiple perspectives.

Firstly, from the perspective of the war background, the Sino-French War can be traced back to the 1870s, when France attempted to establish colonies in Southeast Asia to expand its influence. In response, the Qing dynasty government of China, in order to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity, engaged in a series of diplomatic struggles with France. During this process, the Qing dynasty government demonstrated a firm stance and brave spirit, securing certain dignity and interests for the country. Therefore, from this perspective, the Qing dynasty government was the winner of the Sino-French War.

Secondly, considering the war process, the Sino-French War lasted approximately one year, with both sides suffering significant losses. Although France achieved some victories in the war, its interests in China were not substantially expanded. On the contrary, due to the war's consumption, France's international status was somewhat weakened. While the Qing dynasty government suffered certain losses, it successfully defended the country's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Therefore, from this perspective, the Qing dynasty government was also the winner of the Sino-French War.

Thirdly, regarding the war's outcome, the result of the Sino-French War was the signing of the Tianjin Treaty. Although this treaty was unequal for China, it ensured that the country's core interests were not violated. At the same time, the treaty allowed France's influence in China to expand to some degree. However, over time, France's interests in China did not further consolidate. Instead, due to the impact of the war, France's international status gradually declined. Therefore, from this perspective, the Qing dynasty government was still the winner of the Sino-French War.

Lastly, considering the historical impact, the Sino-French War had profound effects on the historical development of both China and France. For China, the war made the Qing dynasty government realize the country's weaknesses, leading to a series of reform measures that laid the foundation for later Westernization Movement and the 1911 Revolution. For France, the war hindered its expansion in Southeast Asia and exposed its weaknesses in international affairs. Therefore, from this perspective, the Qing dynasty government was also the winner of the Sino-French War.

In conclusion, considering the background, process, outcome, and historical impact of the Sino-French War, the Qing dynasty government undoubtedly emerged as the true winner of this conflict. Although the war brought certain losses to China, the Qing dynasty government demonstrated a firm stance and brave spirit in defending national sovereignty and territorial integrity, securing certain dignity and interests for the country. At the same time, this war also laid the groundwork for later historical developments in China.

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